PSG has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a convincing penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.